中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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　　不久前，在第十九届中国国际农产品交易会上，160个乡村振兴重点帮扶县与30多家批发市场、采购商达成意向签约额50.8亿元。《乡村振兴责任制实施办法》印发，要求“五级书记抓乡村振兴”，推动更多社会力量投身乡村振兴一线。放眼广袤田畴，脱贫攻坚成果得到巩固拓展，一幅农业强、农村美、农民富的乡村振兴画卷徐徐展开。

　　强国必先强农，农强方能国强。习近平总书记在近日举行的中央农村工作会议上强调：“全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国，是党中央着眼全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出的战略部署。”在全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的重要时刻，习近平总书记的重要讲话明确了当前和今后一个时期“三农”工作的目标任务、战略重点和主攻方向，为建设农业强国、加快推进农业农村现代化提供了遵循。

　　全面建设社会主义现代化国家，最艰巨最繁重的任务依然在农村，最广泛最深厚的基础依然在农村。推动实现农村更富裕、生活更幸福、乡村更美丽，必须采取更有力的举措，推动人力投入、物力配置、财力保障转移到乡村振兴上来，全面推进产业、人才、文化、生态、组织“五个振兴”。

　　产业振兴是乡村振兴的重中之重。目前，各地乡村产业都有了一定基础，有些地方新产业新业态发展势头很红火。但是，总体看来，乡村产业发展还处于初级阶段，规模小、布局散、链条短，品种、品质、品牌水平都还比较低。要适应城乡居民消费需求，做好“土特产”文章，向开发农业多种功能、挖掘乡村多元价值要效益，向一二三产业融合发展要效益，推动乡村产业发展壮大。另外，发展乡村产业，还要通过全产业链拓展产业增值增效空间，强龙头、补链条、兴业态、树品牌，增强市场竞争力和可持续发展能力，让农民分享更多产业增值收益。

　　农村是亿万农民的家园。未来我国城镇化将达到很高水平，但仍会有几亿人在农村就业生活。建设宜居宜业和美乡村是农业强国的题中应有之义，必须加快实现乡村由表及里、形神兼备的全面提升。让农民更好享受现代文明生活，要继续把公共基础设施建设的重点放在农村，短板要加快补上。要在推进城乡基本公共服务均等化上持续发力，注重加强普惠性、兜底性、基础性民生建设。同时，要完善党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系，让农村既充满活力又稳定有序。

　　做好农业农村工作，说一千道一万，农民增收是关键。巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果是全面推进乡村振兴的底线任务。要继续压紧压实责任，把脱贫人口和脱贫地区的帮扶政策衔接好、措施落到位，加强动态监测帮扶。要坚持把增加农民收入作为“三农”工作的中心任务，培育提升产业，增强群众技能，积极扩大就业，千方百计拓宽农民增收致富渠道。

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